toughness, the low coecient of friction of UHMWPE yields a self-lubricating, nonstick surface. The frictional work dependent wear function is theoretically proposed which was based on the POD testing result for representative contact pressure at 4. The UHMWPE commercially used in the disc SB Charite III is of the approved standard ISO 5834/11 and ASTM F 648–83 . static, impending slip. 1 2. 5 µm • Test condition: – 1x106 cycles, 15 cm/s, Max Hertzian pressure = 12. 4 mass% proteins to the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution used asThe steady values of coefficients of friction of this UHMWPE sample against Si 3 N 4 ceramic ball reach to. The extraordinary durability and versatility of UHMW-PE is used by designers and engineers in many industries worldwide. 05 N/mm2, v= 0. Download scientific diagram | Coefficients of friction of various UHMWPE materials. 1 under oil lubrication. It turns out that friction coefficients have the same variation trend under different angle amplitudes. It was specifically developed as. 0 wt%, UHMWPE/PMF-6. Cut-To-Size Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene brands like Tivar, Duravar, Polystone. The friction coefficient for double Fermat's spiral is noticeably lower than the others. Blanchet et al. Acknowledgement. The coefficient of friction was nearly half than that of unfilled PEEK and decreased to a fourth at 150. Reduces maintenance and downtime in high-precision applications. There are so many differences between the products that a list is the best way to explain: PTFE is substantially much more expensive than UHMW. 75 2 Wet Rubber 37. Consider a mass m lying on an inclined plane, If the direction of motion of the mass is down the plane, then the frictional force F will act up the plane. Once the object moves, there is kinetic friction. Call: 01992 515880. Its UPMW-PE (ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene) thermoplastic backing enables its low-friction and resistance to chemicals, abrasion, and vibration in demanding situations. 96% for 720 h aging time and 80 °C aging temperature. A higher load will destroy the colloidal anti-friction layer. The mean coefficient of friction of the UHMWPE-on-PEEK and UHMWPE-on-cobalt chrome bearing couples with respect to increasing protein concentration is shown in Fig. 1 (on average, which is low). 125" x 48" x 120" Black Reprocessed UHMW Sheet. UHMW’s host of exceptional attributes such as high abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction and unparalleled impact resistance, even in cryogenic environments, make it a favorite. COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION ON POLISHED STEEL PROPERTY UHMW-PE ULTRA AR ULTRA ARS NYLON 6 NYLON 6/6 NYLON /MoS2 PTFE ACETAL. It has all of the properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), the ability to withstand intense acids and alkalis, and a variety of organic solvents. Tensile Strength: 3,100psi; Flexural Modulus: 110,000psi; Coefficient of Friction: 0. 13, 0. It drastically reduces the coefficients of friction while maintaining characteristics of UHMW. It could be seen that the friction coefficient of UHMWPE under dry sliding is about 0. While it remains true that the coefficient of friction between PTFE. Texturing of UHMWPE in lubricated contact with an AISI 316L ball increases friction. UHMW in sliding applications will out wear steel 10 to 1 and stainless steel 6 to 1. For smooth steel and PE, the dynamic COF is below 0. The uhmw u channel stock guide rail has strong abrasion resistance, and its abrasion resistance is 5 times that of nylon 66 and 7 times that of carbon steel. 125 Uhmw Black Round Uhmw Strip Uhmw 1/2 Uhmw Plastic Polyethylene Sheet Uhmw Black Uhmw Polyethylene Uhmw Tube Uhmw 48. The friction coefficient of the chain guide is small, only 0. Low friction Good chemical resistance Common brands:. UHMW-PE based products offer a host of exceptional attributes that include high abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction and one of the highest impact strength ratings of any thermoplastic. ofGAR-DUR®UHMW isclearlydemonstrated bymeasuringitslossof volume against other materials. UHMW PE is processed by compression molding or ram extrusion into sheets, plates or rods. Recommend testing. 25, which is higher than the coefficient of friction of PTFE (0. By means of systematic studies, correlations between friction temperature, coefficient of friction, wear and process parameters are examined. 2, while rubbing with sample no. UHMW PE, Oil Filled. 16,17 The mean coefficient of friction (COF) (f av) represents the average value calculated from the data of the second half of the experiment. 14 UHMW is available in virgin, reprocessed, anti-static & other specialty grades including IPX® advanced wear sheet. (SCF) improved the wear resistance and also reduced the coefficient of friction up to an optimum concentration of 20 vol. 5. Reduces coefficient of friction in finished components by up to 80%. 0. 5 wt %) is. 9 0. The coefficient of friction is a term that measures the ratio of the force of friction when two surfaces interact with a numerical value. 20 . Industrial Belting on UHMW-PE . Its strength and ability to resist wear and tear can, in some cases, outperform. The following table gives an indication of the abrasion resistance of DURAVAR UHMW polymer. Close;. 77*10 ⁻⁶ mm ³ /Nm and the coefficient of friction (COF) to 0. Low friction. The results show that the initial coefficient of friction increases exponentially with increasing attractive force. Alternative Materials to HDPE and. 68 0. Nylon, Acetal - for bearing and wear applications. This product maintains all of the performance properties of the standard low coefficient of friction material. 0: in/in/°F x 10-5: Melting Point (Crystaline Peak) 279-289 °F: Volume Resistivity >10 15: ohm-cm: Surface Resistivity >10 15: ohm-cm: Water. Steady-state coefficient of friction (COF) for CoCrMo or Ti6Al4V pin-like specimens against UHMWPE flat surfaces in Ringer’s solution at 37 °C (Fn = 30 N, L = 4 mm, frequency = 1 Hz and time = 3600 s). 96% for 720 h aging time and 80 °C. F = μkN F = μ k N. PTFE can only handle about 1/5th the load of UHMW. UHMW machining produces parts with exceptional abrasion and impact resistance suitable for a wide range of applications. Analysis of friction coefficient. ofGAR-DUR®UHMW isclearlydemonstrated bymeasuringitslossof volume against other materials. 20 IZOD impact strength 73°F KJ/m. The coefficient of friction is not a function of mass or volume. 13 to ∼0. Low Coefficient of Friction. The friction in a spherical plain bearing or rod end depends primarily on the sliding contact surface combination, the load and the sliding velocity. UHMW Mechanical Properties Comparison of dynamic coefficient of friction on polished steel PROPERTYThere are a few standout tests that have lower friction coefficients and seem to increase with pressure (the off-axis cases involving a short 45°- bottom uncoated strip on a 45° or. They have values of friction coefficient for HDPE and UHMWPE . The low friction coefficient and high abrasion resistance of UHMW-PE provides an ultra smooth surface for the vessel to slide easily along the face of the fenders. 40 . Uhmwpe Coefficient Of Friction (245 products available) Low coefficient of friction high molecular raw material UHMWPE Powder for UHMWPE washer $2. 85. Suggested for: Searching for Rolling Friction Coefficient for UHMW Polymer Rollers I Coefficient of rolling friction for a lab cart. Fig. In addition to enhancing the wear resistance of the material, the incorporated and evenly dispersed oil gives this material a considerably lower coefficient of friction than standard UHMW-PE products. At the same time, HDPE is notable for its impressive strength-to-density ratio. It has extremely long chains resulting in a very tough material, with high impact strength. 4. Download : Download full-size image; Fig. Thus, a 4 x 106 molecular weight resin contains approximately 285 x 103 carbonLopez et al. For different friction coefficient ratios of dual mobility hip implant, (1) contact pressure and contact area varied with applied loads. 5. Meanwhile, it should be noted that the oscillation of friction coefficient. The coefficient of friction (CoF) is a measurement of the resistance generated when sliding the surface of one material over another. The silicone free requirement is of the negative effect that silicone. 40. While not better than PTFE’s famously low friction, it’s far better than any elastomer or urethane seal material and lower than most comparable plastics such as Nylon or Acetal. 6m/s 0. The materials in contact are a roller of MDF turning on a UHMW vertical bar. . A vaclue of 100 was designated for the amount of volumetric abrasion. Processing Method: CNC Precision Machined. 75. 1 Coefficient of Friction. The results obtained for a combination: PE-UHMW polyethylene - ANSI 316L stainless steel (the static friction coefficient µ 0 as a function of the contact pressure p) Rys. UHMW, also called UHMW-PE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene), is a type of thermoplastic material that is lightweight, high-strength, and has a low coefficient of friction and superior abrasion resistance. 44 0. High impact resistance. The coefficient of friction of aged UHMWPE specimens for different aging periods is shown in Figure 4. UHMWPE panel is also called PE pad, face pad, and plastic pad in some areas. The average price for HDPE is roughly $1. IME UHMW made from recycled material has many other resins in it, with a higher coefficient of friction, just depends on how much mystery plastic that is in it. Low coefficients of friction, wear resistant plastic materials – e. 060 represents, in our experience, skis with below average gliding properties and would therefore have potential for improvements. [10] filled PTFE with alpha-phase alumina nanoparticles, and found that an increase in filler content was able to reduce the wear rate. Dynamic Coefficient of Friction (-) ISO 7148-2 (18) 0. Coefficient of friction 73°F – – Static . The friction coefficient of pure UHMWPE is approximately 0. Reprocessed UHMW – Polystone® M Reprocessed offers an economical UHMW solution with a low friction coefficient and superior wear resistance, perfect for applications demanding high durability and smooth performance. 19 vol. The dry friction from solid ice-UHMWPE interactions is still relatively low when compared to systems such as stainless steel-UHMWPE (Yousif et al. 3, respectively, is observed. Uhmw High Density Polyethylene. UHMW's low coefficient of friction enhances efficiency and productivity in automotive, railroad, medical, printing and packaging industries as well as for material handling and food processing applications. 07, 0. UHMW possesses a unique combination of physical and mechanical properties which enable it to perform well under the most rigorous conditions. GAR-DUR® UHMW plasticwasassignedan abrasionratingof10; results for the other materials tested are shown in relation to thisbaseline. 1. FMorin (Mechanical) (OP) 12 Feb 05 13:57. These sheets are ideal for food, medical and cleanroom applications. The design requirements for these parts have four slides supporting a total of 200 lbs and sliding at a maximum rate of 1 FPS for short bursts. 30 0. Impact strength is high and chemical resistance is excellent. LubX® C is known for its high impact strength and is also light in weight, resistant to staining, and has a low moisture absorption rate. According to research, the co-efficient of dynamic friction of ultra high density polyethylene under dry conditions is around 0. 14. UHMW is an odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic material. Changes in the static friction coefficient were analysed in association with a contact pressure (in the range 0. 0. 35. The friction of non-filled UHMWPE on PEEK reinforced with two types of carbon fibers (milled carbon fibers, 30 wt % and CNT, 2. In stock. The exceptional hardness and slick. The friction coefficients of UHMWPE/PMF-2. In all test groups, the friction coefficient of TPU with 60 and 70 A hardness was relatively stable. Extremely low coefficient of friction. The additives used also make this material static dissipative and. Recycled UHMW can be mixed into raw UHMW to further extend its recyclability. Sort plastic materials: Click the down or up arrows or column headings to sort plastic materials or material properties. 18 observed a positive correlation between the surface roughness of the ceramic counterface and the coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction and wear life of the coated samples are investigated on a pin-on. Testsamples arespunforatotalof7 hoursat1,750rpmina water-sandmixture. Typical Values. The right polymeric compounds can thwart wear and friction problems in bearings, bushings, slides, and gears. Extremely low moisture absorption. I see that there is now Delrin AF, which has threads of Teflon added. 4 million joints replacements are performed around the world). Low Coefficient of Friction and Good Abrasion Resistance 3M™ UHMW Film Tape 3965 is often used in general industrial applications to help control squeaks and rattles due to vibration or wear of metal and plastic materials. This UHMW PE (ultra high m. The material has a low surface resistance of 10⁶ to 10⁹ Ω/sq. PTFE is significantly more expensive than UHMW. 2 The friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sliding against GCr15 steel and electroless Ni-P alloy coating under the lubrication of seawater was investigated and compared with that under dry sliding and lubrication of pure water and 3. A subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene, UHMW (aka UHMWPE) is characterized as one of the miracle polymers of the 20th century. Regards, Peter P . It is typically used in chain guides, wear rails, chute liners, truck liners, hopper liners, and other high wear applications. % UHMWPE in polyester resin brought down the value of μ to nearly half to that of polyester resin and 1/3rd of cotton polyester. The work reported in this paper was supported by NSFC (50225519, 50535050), and the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions provided by. When angle amplitudes are ±5°,. • Cavities act more like surface defects than lubrication enhancers. 2 0. I'll rather test after having a good approximation of the process. UHMW PE, Oil Filled. 6 g and 3. , rubber on pavement. The coefficients of friction between yarns were tested by means of Capstan method. TIVAR® Oil-Filled UHMW-PE is an ultra high molecular weight polyethylene material that truly lives up to the self-lubricating description. Select options; Delrin® – High Strength Black Homopolymer Acetal SheetUHMW PE, Glass Filled. X-LINKED or CROSS-LINKED UHMW is 60% better than VIRGIN UHMW in sand slurry abrasion tests, has a lower coefficient of friction and UV stabilization for outdoor use. 8 6. For pipe sizes of 1. Due to an extremely low coefficient of friction, its inherent lubricity minimizes heat-generating friction that tends to. The friction coefficient value changes not only with material but also with the position and. HC-PE showed a slightly lower coefficient of friction than LC-PE. If the pulley has a radius R and a moment of inertia I0 about an axis through the center of the pulley , the net torque on the pulley is given by T 2 R ! T 1 R " !I0 /R "a , !3" where we have ignored any frictional. The superior sliding performance of TIVARResulting values of COF (coefficient of friction) for UHMWPE vs. UHMW (also known as UHMW-PE) stands for Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, which is a type of thermoplastic material characterized by its high strength-to-weight ratio, excellent abrasion resistance, low friction coefficient, and impact resistance. Surface Condition Force Applied Coefficient of Friction 1 Wet Rubber 37. UHMW: Cost. In food processing applications UHMW is and excellent choice for applications where strong smells or discoloration from food is an issue. It also is the best material for minimizing stiction. Considering the porosity, mechanical properties, and friction coefficient, the optimal process parameters of the UHMWPE porous material were as follows: The sintering temperature was 180 °C or 190 °C, and the charging amount was between 3. 5 – 0. While polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon) is normally regarded as having a lower coefficient of friction versus UHMW, IPX UHMW has a comparable coefficient at . UHMW Chain Guide Rail is the most abrasion resistance, zero friction precision machined belt guides, magnetic corner tracks, chain guides profiles, wear strip, trailing guides and curve tracks. UHMW's low coefficient of friction enhances efficiency and productivity in automotive, railroad, medical, printing and packaging industries as well as for material handling and food processing applications. 15 -0. Polyethylene PE500-1000 (UHMWPE) Sheet to solve friction, wear and material flow problems in many areas of industry. UHMW is often used in the manufacturing of food processing equipment, conveyor systems, medical devices, and other industrial. Concrete (Wet) Rubber. com. 1520 compliant , bearing grade with a built in dry lubricant that gives finished components a Coefficient of Friction (COF) reduction rate of up to 80%. 42, respectively, which were all lower than that of UHMWPE. Introduction. With TIVAR® Oil Filled, conveyors operate more. UHMW-PE based products offer a host of exceptional attributes that include high abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction and one of the highest impact strength ratings of any thermoplastic. UHMW, also known as UHMW-PE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene), is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic material, with a continuous use temperature range of up to 180° F (82° C). 20 . Furthermore, TIVAR 88-2 UHMW-PE liners are available. 10 -1. A subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene, UHMW (aka UHMWPE) is characterized as one of the miracle polymers of the 20th century. If, at that stage, the tight-side and slack-side belt tension forces are 7"1 and T2 and the coefficient of friction/x between the belt and pulley is assumed to be constant round the arc of contact of a radians equilibrium considerations lead to lne(Ti/T2) = I. Antistatic Low-Friction UHMW Tape. It is inert meaning that it doesn't react to many chemicals. 77 4 Wet Rubber 38. UHMW's low coefficient of friction enhances efficiency and productivity in automotive, railroad, medical, printing and packaging industries as well as for material handling and food processing applications. 0 Unported Content may be subject to. 1 presents the six-station means of the dynamic coefficient of friction and their respective standard deviation as a function of sliding cycles for the Ultra Polish Treated and Standard CoCr against UHMWPE. This is a rough guide - as others have mentioned, it will vary a lot depending on the specific filament, geometry, etc. 1-800-553-0335 Ask a Plastics Expert Locations Sign In Cart (0)Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW) is a tough, abrasion-resistant thermoplastic with a molecular weight of greater than 3 million. PTFE can only handle about 1/5th the load of UHMW. 45 – 0. After friction and vibration tests, it was found that WS 2 reduced the coefficient of friction of TPU matrix with its excellent lubricating properties, and after adding UHMWPE, the coefficient of friction continued to drop to 0. Some nylons can be a real bitch to machine and Nylatron can be a little brittle so be careful not to machine too aggressively in the wrong spots. In addition to enhancing the wear resistance of the material, the incorporated and evenly dispersed oil gives this material a considerably lower coefficient of friction than standard UHMW-PE products. Friction coefficients increase as amplitude of angles increase. 1 x 10-4. 5 Coefficient of friction (dynamic) 0. It's the reason that the data found in the many reference tables available may show a large. Both materials are commonly used in industrial applications such as gears, bearings, and wear strips. 11. B Trouble understanding what rolling friction is. 4 MPa m/s and pv ≈ 1. 2. ‐lb/inch of notch ‐Higher is better) 0 0. Due to an extremely low coefficient of friction, its inherent lubricity minimizes heat-generating friction that tends to. Low coefficient of friction makes it very slick. The UHMWPE fender facing pad has the features of light, anti-impact, corrosion resistance, anti-ultraviolet ray, aging resistance, low friction, non-pollution. 46 with increasing depth, but the static friction coefficient increases only from ∼0. Coefficient of Friction: 0. 3 0. It was found that the tribological and mechanical degradation was attributed to the damage in the molecular structure of. Even though GAR-DUR® UHMW is. 3 is it clear that for pv ≈ 0. Friction coefficient versus friction time curves of the UHMWPE/HDPE and the nanocomposites with untreated CNF. 12-0. The cost of both HDPE and UHMW varies depending on the form you purchase it in. 02–0. With increasing protein concentration (above 2%), there was a trend for decreasing friction for both material combinations. 10b). The friction coefficient value changes not only with material but also with the position and. Higher wear resistant then Delrin and about the same coefficient of friction as Teflon. RE: friction coefficient of UHMW and HDPE kjoiner (Mechanical) (OP) 1 Nov 02 15:33. 75 Average 37. UHMW Guide Rail. Product applications: Lining technology. The coefficient of friction (COF) was increased up to 65. 40 . 25 : 0. Nylon, Acetal - for bearing and wear applications. 19: 0. e. Despite the success of this restorative procedure, UHMWPE have only a finite lifetime. [10] filled PTFE with alpha-phase alumina nanoparticles, and found that an increase in filler content was able to reduce the wear. 15-0. Because there are so many influencing factors that are not mutually independent, it is not possible to quote exact values for the coefficient of friction. 4, which was. Features. 20 static, . TIVAR® Oil Filled UHMW is the material of choice for packaging, bottling, and food processing and handling applications requiring FDA and USDA compliance. 23 and that of kinetic friction (CSF) increased from 0. 0 to 5. 59 0. It was observed by many researchers that friction and wear depend on various conditions such as load [1,2], contact surface roughness [3], sliding speed [4], geometry. PTFE is slippery than UHMW (although both have a lower coefficient of friction) UHMW has much better wear properties than PTFE. Coefficient of linear thermal expansion (-40 to 150 °C) (-40 to 300°F) ASTM E-831 (TMA). Its coefficient of friction is significantly lower than nylon and acetal, and is comparable to PTFE, with superior abrasion resistance. UHMW is unbreakable even at extremely low temperatures, and is FDA and USDA compliant. % fibres of carbon sometimes caused stick slip behaviour at high testing temperatures [12]. Moderate temperature range (-40°F - 225°F) Adhesive back makes it easy to apply. Add a slippery surface to difficult-to-bond surfaces, such as plastic, foam, and powder-coated metal. To illustrate this concept, two examples are included. Low coefficient of friction Moisture resistance applications Tanks and containers Food storage containers Laboratory equipment Disposable formed products Surface structures Vacuum formed end caps and tops Moisture barrier TYPICAL PROPERTIES of POLYETHYLENE ASTM or UL test Property LDPE HDPE UHMW PHYSICAL D792. UHMW is an odorless, tasteless, and non-toxic material. HDPE has a coefficient of friction of around 0. Thermal properties . Interstate Plastics provides many grades of UHMW-PE (ultra high molecular weight polyethylene) for a variety of wear, friction, and high-impact related applications from guard rails and wear strips to power. To further strengthen these properties, different types of micro/nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, nanoclay,. In 25% serum, the coefficient of friction was. 4. The coefficient of friction of UHMWPE primarily depends on surface texture of harder material surfaces. The exceptional hardness and slick surface is ideal for maintaining a gliding. 10 - 0. 50. The more inter-yarn friction can be. 56. 15-. 81 COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION ON POLISHED STEEL Because of its low coefficient of friction, UHMW-PE is self-lubricating; it replaces unwanted grease and oil in many applications such as bearings and conveyors. 5 MPa • UHMWPE sterilized – Irradiated at 2. 85. Aluminum: 1. UHMW-PE based products offer a host of exceptional attributes that include high abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction and one of the highest impact strength ratings of any thermoplastic. 46-Aluminum: Steel. 6e-4: strain/°C: 130 - 200: µstrain/°F. 0% untreated CNFs. When there is no motion between the objects, the magnitude of static friction f s is. It was shown that the PEEK (pin)-on-UHMWPE (disk) tribological pair is well compatible, characterized by a low coefficient of friction (f = 0. 12: against steel - static: 40 psi : 0. They have values of friction coefficient for HDPE and UHMWPE . 20 static; 0. 05, while the friction coefficient increased slowly as CNTs were added from 0. coefficient of friction, making it an excellent protection for surfaces or bearings that experience heavy wear. 250 of reinforced samples with 50 wt% content of long fiber. 2. For instance, a large aluminum block has the same coefficient of friction as a small aluminum block. Concrete (Wet) Rubber. Good non-adhesiveness, easy to clean the surface adhesion. UHMW stands for Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene and is defined as a polyethylene whose molecular weight is 3. 87 and 0. The curves of the composite motion and the swing friction coefficient have the characteristics of going up first and dropping after and finally stabilizing. The specimen is exposed to an abrasive wheel for 1000 cycles and weight loss of a material is measured. The coefficient of friction of aged UHMWPE specimens for different aging periods is shown in Figure 4. 19: Brass: Cast Iron . I am planning to align an abs part that has a pin into a guide slot made from another plastic. 60-Rubber (60 A Belt) Urethane 80A . Coefficient of friction against hardened and ground steel P= 0. Comparison of Dynamic Coefficient of Friction on Polished Steel. Low coefficients of friction, wear resistant plastic materials – e. 2. 28 Coefficient of Friction, Plastics to Plastic Static 0. 0 wt%, and UHMWPE/PMF-20. 22:. A value of 100 was designed for the amount of volumetric abrasion loss to UHMW specimen. Polymer; Thermoplastic; Polyethylene (PE); High Density (HDPE); UHMW PE (Ultra High Molecular Weight PE). UHMW Mechanical Properties Comparison of dynamic coefficient of friction on polished steel PROPERTY There are a few standout tests that have lower friction coefficients and seem to increase with pressure (the off-axis cases involving a short 45°- bottom uncoated strip on a 45° or 90° long strip). Manufacturer of UHMW Sheets & Rods - UHMW Sheet, UHMWPE Rod, UHMWPE Sheet and Uhmwpe Plastic Sheets offered by Rajdeep Associates, Bengaluru, Karnataka. 15-. 2The friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sliding against GCr15 steel and electroless Ni-P alloy coating under the lubrication of seawater was investigated and compared with that under dry sliding and lubrication of pure water and 3. TIVAR® 88 plastics are alloyed to enhanced performance properties and tailored for specific applications within the bulk material handling industry. 27 × 10 −5 mm 3 /Nm which were 52% and 61%, respectively, lower in comparison with those of bulk.